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Least common multiple of two or more positive integers (arbitrary precision).

Mint a signed JSON Web Token from a JSON claims object, using a shared secret (HS*) or a PEM private key (RS/ES/PS). Supports expiresInSec, notBeforeSec, issuer, audience, subject and keyid. An unusable key or option is rejected before payment.

Validate a blockchain address. Supply `chain` to check against a specific chain, or omit it to auto-detect. Ethereum addresses report their EIP-55 checksum state; Bitcoin covers base58check (P2PKH/P2SH) and bech32/bech32m segwit (P2WPKH/P2WSH/P2TR). A well-formed but invalid address returns `valid:false` — not an error.

Evaluate one or more percentiles (0–100) of a numeric sample using linear interpolation between order statistics (the R-7 / Excel PERCENTILE.INC method). 50 is the median, 25/75 the quartiles.

Present value of a future sum and/or a level annuity, given a per-period rate and number of periods. Set dueAtBeginning=true for an annuity-due.

Rebuild a nested object from a single-level object whose keys are delimited paths (default delimiter `.`) — the inverse of flatten. Requires a flat object.

Flatten a nested object/array into a single-level object whose keys are the delimited paths to each leaf (default delimiter `.`). Requires an object or array.

Normalise an address to its canonical form — Ethereum to its EIP-55 checksummed form, bech32 Bitcoin to lowercase (base58check is left untouched as it is case-sensitive). An address that is not a valid address of a known chain is rejected before payment.

Return the ISO-8601 week-numbering year, week number (1..53) and weekday (1=Monday..7=Sunday) for a Gregorian date. The ISO year can differ from the calendar year around New Year.

Greatest common divisor of two or more non-negative integers (arbitrary precision).

Parse an A1-style cell reference (e.g. "B3" or "$AA$100") into 1-based row and column numbers, plus the column letters and whether each part is absolute.

Search the constants table by key, symbol or name substring. Exact matches rank first, then prefix matches, then substring matches. Returns up to `limit` constants (default 20) plus the total match count.

Binomial distribution with `trials` (n ≥ 0, ≤ 1e6) and success `probability` (0..1). `function` selects the mass (pmf), cumulative distribution (cdf) or quantile / inverse-CDF.

Return the ISO weekday (1=Monday..7=Sunday) and its name for a Gregorian date.

Compute (base ^ exponent) mod modulus efficiently for arbitrary-precision integers. The modulus must be positive.

Net present value of a series of cash flows discounted at a per-period rate. cashflows[0] is the time-0 flow (typically the initial outlay, negative).

Levenshtein edit distance (insertions, deletions, substitutions) between two strings, plus a normalized similarity in [0,1]. Operates on Unicode code points.

Damerau-Levenshtein distance — like Levenshtein but also counts adjacent transpositions as a single edit — plus a normalized similarity in [0,1].

Convert a proleptic-Gregorian calendar date to its Julian Day Number (the integer count of days since JDN 0, 1 January 4713 BC in the proleptic Julian calendar).

Normal distribution with optional mean (default 0) and standard deviation sd (default 1). `function` selects the density (pdf), cumulative distribution (cdf) or quantile / inverse-CDF.

Validate an IBAN (mod-97 checksum, length, country format) and decompose it into country, bank, branch and account parts.

Area (Heron's formula), perimeter and interior angles of a triangle from its three side lengths. Sides that violate the triangle inequality are rejected as a clean 400.

Evaluate an SPF record against an IPv4/IPv6 address using only its literal ip4/ip6/all mechanisms. DNS-dependent mechanisms (include, a, mx, exists, redirect) reached before a match yield an honest `indeterminate` result rather than a guess.

Hamming distance — the number of positions at which two EQUAL-LENGTH strings differ — plus a normalized similarity. Strings of unequal length are a clean 400.